What is network topology?

Network topology refers specifically to the arrangement or layout of different elements within a computer network. This includes how network nodes, such as computers and devices, are interconnected and how data flows between them. Understanding network topology is essential for network design, as it affects everything from network performance and scalability to fault tolerance and management.

The various topologies—like star, ring, bus, and mesh—each have unique characteristics that want to be considered in network planning and implementation. For instance, a star topology connects all devices to a central hub, which makes it easy to manage and troubleshoot, while a mesh topology allows for redundant connections, enhancing reliability.

The other choices do not accurately describe network topology. Programming languages for web development focus on coding and software applications, security measures pertain to protecting data from unauthorized access, and data encryption involves converting information into a secure format during transmission or storage. These concepts are related to networking and computer science but do not define what network topology is.