What is meant by "debugging" in programming?

Debugging refers to the process of identifying and fixing errors, or "bugs," in a program. This is a critical aspect of programming because even a small mistake in the code can lead to unintended behavior or crashes. During debugging, programmers use various tools and techniques, such as code reviews, breakpoints, and logging, to find and resolve issues, ensuring that the software functions as intended.

The other choices do not accurately represent what debugging entails. Designing user interfaces relates to the visual layout and experience of the software rather than correcting errors. Analyzing systems for efficiency involves performance assessment and optimization, which is separate from fixing bugs. Lastly, documenting code changes focuses on keeping a record of modifications made to the codebase, rather than the process of troubleshooting errors.