What is defined as multi-factor authentication?

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is a security measure that requires users to provide two or more verification forms to gain access to an account or system. This typically includes something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (such as a smartphone or security token), and sometimes something the user is (like a fingerprint or facial recognition). The purpose of MFA is to enhance security by making it more difficult for unauthorized individuals to access sensitive information or accounts, even if they have obtained one form of verification like a password.

Options related to increasing data storage, software firewalls, or programming techniques do not pertain to the security process of verifying identities through multiple forms. Each of these options addresses different aspects of computing and cybersecurity but does not encompass the multi-layered approach that defines multi-factor authentication. Thus, the focus on requiring several verification methods makes the correct choice a clear reflection of what MFA entails.