What is binary in the context of computer science?

Binary, in the context of computer science, refers to a base-2 numeral system that exclusively employs two digits: 0 and 1. This system is fundamental to the way computers operate, as digital circuits are built on binary logic. Each binary digit, or bit, represents a power of 2, allowing computers to perform calculations and process data efficiently.

For example, the binary number 1010 represents the decimal number 10 in base 10, calculated as follows: (1 \times 2^3 + 0 \times 2^2 + 1 \times 2^1 + 0 \times 2^0). This capability to represent numbers and perform arithmetic using just two symbols is what makes the binary system crucial for computer operations, including data processing and storage.

In contrast, other options refer to different concepts. The first choice describes the decimal system used commonly in everyday life, which uses ten digits. The third option mentions a format for text data, which typically involves encoding systems rather than binary itself. Lastly, the fourth choice pertains to color representation in images, often involving color models that go beyond mere binary representation. Thus, the clear definition of binary as a base-2 system using two digits solid