What is an algorithm in the context of computer science?

An algorithm, in the context of computer science, is fundamentally defined as a detailed, step-by-step procedure designed to solve a specific problem or accomplish a particular task. This precision and clarity in outlining the steps make algorithms essential tools in various computing processes, from simple calculations to complex problem-solving scenarios.

While other options touch on important concepts in computer science, they do not accurately define what an algorithm is. For instance, while computer hardware can perform calculations, it is not a procedural framework for problem-solving. Similarly, programming languages are essential for implementing algorithms in software development, but they are not the algorithms themselves. Lastly, methods for managing computer memory relate to resource allocation and data handling rather than outlining a sequence of operations to achieve a specific goal. All these serve different roles in the computing ecosystem, but none encapsulate the essence of an algorithm as effectively as the correct choice.