What does "iteration" refer to in programming?

Iteration in programming refers to the repetition of a block of code multiple times, allowing for the execution of the same set of instructions until a specified condition is met. This is commonly implemented using loops, such as for-loops or while-loops, which enable the programmer to efficiently handle repetitive tasks without having to write the same code multiple times.

By utilizing iteration, programmers can process collections of data, repeat operations, and perform complex calculations with clarity and conciseness. This concept is fundamental in programming, as it enhances code efficiency and maintainability, making it easier to modify and debug.

The other choices do not accurately define iteration. For instance, executing a block of code once pertains to a single execution or a function call, while the final execution of a program refers to the program's completion. Compiling code involves translating the code into a machine-readable format rather than executing it repeatedly.