What does "abstraction" allow programmers to do?

Abstraction is a fundamental concept in computer science that allows programmers to simplify complex systems by using higher-level models. This means that instead of dealing with every detail of a system, programmers can work at a higher level where they focus on the essential features while ignoring the intricate specifics.

For example, when using a programming language, a programmer can make use of functions, classes, or even entire libraries that abstract away the underlying processes, enabling them to solve problems more efficiently. This helps in managing complexity, as it allows them to reason about systems without getting bogged down by every operational detail.

In the context of the other choices, handling all system components individually would make programming more cumbersome rather than simplifying it. Executing algorithms without restrictions does not relate directly to the concept of abstraction, as abstraction often involves defining clear boundaries and limitations in how systems can interact. Lastly, while translating code into different programming languages is an important task, it is not what abstraction primarily focuses on. Abstraction is more about simplifying and managing complexity rather than the translation of code.